Exodus 22:9-11
New English Translation
9 In all cases of illegal possessions,[a] whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says ‘This belongs to me,’[b] the matter of the two of them will come before the judges,[c] and the one whom[d] the judges declare guilty[e] must repay double to his neighbor. 10 If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is injured[f] or is carried away[g] without anyone seeing it,[h] 11 then there will be an oath to the Lord[i] between the two of them, that he has not laid his hand on his neighbor’s goods, and its owner will accept this, and he will not have to pay.
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Exodus 22:9 tn Heb “concerning every kind [thing] of trespass.”
- Exodus 22:9 tn The text simply has “this is it” (הוּא זֶה, huʾ zeh).
- Exodus 22:9 tn Again, or “God.”
- Exodus 22:9 tn This kind of clause Gesenius calls an independent relative clause—it does not depend on a governing substantive but itself expresses a substantival idea (GKC 445-46 §138.e).
- Exodus 22:9 tn The verb means “to be guilty” in Qal; in Hiphil it would have a declarative sense, because a causative sense would not possibly fit.
- Exodus 22:10 tn The form is a Niphal participle of שָׁבַר (shavar, “to break”) which means injured, maimed, harmed, or crippled.
- Exodus 22:10 tn This verb is frequently used with the meaning “to take captive.” The idea here then is that raiders or robbers have carried off the animal.
- Exodus 22:10 tn Heb “there is no one seeing.”
- Exodus 22:11 tn The construct relationship שְׁבֻעַת יְהוָה (shevuʿat yehvah, “the oath of Yahweh”) would require a genitive of indirect object, “an oath [to] Yahweh.” U. Cassuto suggests that it means “an oath by Yahweh” (Exodus, 287). The person to whom the animal was entrusted would take a solemn oath to Yahweh that he did not appropriate the animal for himself, and then his word would be accepted.
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